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We strive to ensure that our on-going activities during the development of Kampala Industrial Business Park (KIBP) have no negative impact on the surrounding environment. To help us achieve this goal a Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) has been developed and implemented by our environmental team.
The BAP outlines various monitoring, controlling and mitigation methods involving wildlife, plant species, noise levels, pollution levels and water quality. The results of daily, weekly, monthly, bi-annual and annual monitoring reports tell us if we are compliant with Ugandan and East African Standards in relation to maintaining the natural biodiversity within the KIBP envelope.
Below you will find a list of biodiversity features and monitoring actions, we at LaganDOTT Namanve Limited, have pledged to undertake
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Three invasive species were recorded on site in 2019: Mimosa pigra, Broussonetia papyrifera, and Lantana camara. Eight invasive species were recorded in 2020: Eichhornia crassipes, Mimosa pigra, Chromolaena odorata, Lantana camara, Parthenium hysterophorus, Ricinus communis, Dichrostachys cinerea and Xanthium strumarium. Mimosa pigra, Chromolaena odorata, Eichhornia crassipes and Lantana camara have been listed among “100 of the world's worst invasive alien species” by the IUCN Invasive Species Specialist Group (IUCN, 2021b). The location (transect) along which these species were recorded and the percentage cover in the quadrats surveys along the transects were recorded
Habitats and flora (including invasive species)
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Mammals
The list of species received from IBAT included 153 mammal species within 2km of the Scheme area. None of the globally threatened species highlighted in this list were observed during the surveys conducted in 2019. Following consultation with the local ecologist, none of the four globally threatened species have a likelihood of occurring within the KIBP in its current state.
During the survey in 2019, three mammal (rodent) species were recorded within the KIBP via direct observation of the animal or signs (burrows, foraging evidence, droppings, footprints etc). Local farmers in the South C Estate Zone reported six additional mammal species during opportunistic consultations. The methods and results of the mammal survey are presented in Appendix F of the ESIA (Queensland and Leeds Ltd, 2019).
During the 2020 surveys, 15 species of mammal were recorded including two primate species (vervet monkey Chlorocebus pygerythrus recorded in South-B and South-C and the Uganda mangabey Lophocebus ugandae (recorded in South-B)), two species of shrew, ten species of rodent and one species of mongoose. South B Estate Zone supported the highest species richness.
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A total of 167 species were recorded in the KIBP area in 1999 (GIBB, 2002). Of these, 14 are highlighted as globally or nationally threatened; one species, papyrus yellow warbler Chloropeta natalensis is globally Vulnerable (described below), one species is globally Near Threatened and the remaining species are globally Least Concern. Eight species are regionally Vulnerable, and five species are of Regional Responsibility (Bennun et al, 2000).
During the survey conducted in 2019, a total of 53 species were observed within KIBP. Of these species, no globally or nationally threatened species or restricted-range species were observed. Six species observed were migratory and are described below. The methods and results of the bird survey are presented in Appendix C.
During the surveys conducted in 2020, 99 species were recorded in the KIBP. Of these species, the hooded vulture Necrosyrtes monachus (CR), grey-crowned crane (EN) and grey parrot Psittacus erithacus (EN) are threatened. Globally, the remaining species observed are of Least Concern with one species of Regional Responsibility and the rest being Regionally Near Threatened.
The bird species of conservation importance, that are likely to occur in the project area are listed in Table 3.5 below. Species that were confirmed on site during the 1999, 2019 or 2020 surveys are highlighted in the table.
Birds
The list of species received from IBAT included 542 bird species within 2km of the Scheme area. Of these species, four are considered globally Critically Endangered, six are Endangered, five are Vulnerable, ten are Near Threatened and 517 are of Least Concern (IUCN, 2021).
. The full list of globally threatened species recorded within the study area is presented in Table 3.5. None of the globally threatened species highlighted in this list were observed during the surveys conducted in 2019.
Following consultation with the local ornithologist, two species of the 15 globally threatened species have a likelihood of occurring within the KIBP in its current state: Grey-crowned Crane Balearica regulorum (EN) and Basra reed warbler Acrocephalus griseldis (EN). Grey-crowned crane (EN) was recorded during surveyed in 2020.
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Bats
During the 2020 surveys, seven species of bats were recorded from five genera and two families (Vespertilionidae and Molossidae). All species recorded were insectivorous species and are either not evaluated or of Least Concern (refer to Appendix C for the full list). None of the species were listed under CMS. No roosting sites were recorded in 2020 however, further assessment of the suitability of the habitats to support roosting bats within the KIBP will need to be completed to ascertain the likely impacts of the development on bat species.
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Fish
A total of 56 fish species were returned from the IBAT records within the study area. It is likely that the majority of these species are present in Lake Victoria and some species are likely to be present within Namanve River or the swamps. Of the 56 species, there was one Sarcopterygii (Least Concern) and
55 Actinopterygii. Of the Actinopterygii, three were globally Critically Endangered; Labeo victorianus, Oreochromis esculentus and Oreochromis variabilis, 51 are of Least Concern and two are considered Data Deficient. One species in the IBAT list is restricted range: bitschumbi lampeye Aplocheilichthys vitschumbaensis. This species is found in the northern part of Lake Victoria in southern Uganda and there is suitable habitat present within the Project site to support this species. Critical Habitat determination for this species is described in Section 3.3.5.
Labeo victorianus is a migratory species which spends most of its life span in lakes and ascends both large rivers and streams in fairly compact shoals during the rainy season to spawn. Spawning grounds include flooded grasslands beside both permanent and temporary streams. Threats to this species include agriculture, fishing, pollution and natural freshwater system modification.
Oreochromis esculentus is a plankton feeder, generally found in at the bottom of sheltered gulf and bays composed of soft algaceous mud. Breeding fish are found throughout the year and distinct spawning areas can be identified in Lake Victoria. Females brooding eggs often move off to the shelter of macrophyte beds or swampy areas. The young are often found in channels in papyrus swamps. This species is threatened by competition with introduced fish (notably the Nile perch and Nile tilapia) as well as overfishing, increased siltation of the lakes due to agriculture and cattle grazing practices and effluent pollutants.
Oreochromis variabilis occurs in exposed and sandy shores as well as water lily swamps most commonly in depths of less than 10m. Brooding females have been recorded in the rushes and among vegetation near the edges of the lake. Over-fishing, particularly using illegal methods and gear and competition for habitats and food with introduced species are the major threats to this species.
Fish surveys undertaken in 2015 as part of the Kampala-Jinja Expressway ESIA did not record any globally or nationally threatened species. During the May 2021 surveys of the northern section of KIBP as part of BAP Action 2 (monitoring programme for biodiversity, refer to Chapter 5), a total of 11 fish species belonging to five families were recovered along northern block of River Namanve. The species Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor (LC), was the most abundant (n = 206, RA = 0.400), followed by Oreochromis leucostictus (LC) (n = 120, RA = 0.233).
A total of six Oreochromis esculentus (RA = 0.0117) and 46 Oreochromis variabilis (RA = 0.0893) individuals were recorded in the North section of KIBP. The KIBP is therefore likely to support significant numbers of the CR fish species Oreochromis esculentus and Oreochromis variabilis which trigger Critical Habitat under Criterion C1 (IFC, 2019). Further details are provided in the next section. The species form a target for the commercial and subsistence fisheries to the downstream communities and in other water bodies where they exist, hence the need to protect the river from anthropogenic stressors.
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Gastropods were the most diverse taxa, represented by five species while taxon Diptera was the numerically most abundant group of macroinvertebrate observed in the northern portion of River Namanve, constituting 82% of the total macroinvertebrates counts, the majority (1433 individuals; 81.5%) belonging to genus Chironomus (Family Chironomidae). Gastropoda was the second abundant group (16%), being dominated by Melanoides tuberculata that contributed up to 14.3 % of the total number of the invertebrates count in the study area. The relative abundance of rest of the taxa ranged between 0.1% and 1.5% of the numerical abundance of the recorded macroinvertebrate organisms.
None of the threatened/ restricted range species listed above were recorded during the surveys therefore they are unlikely to be regularly occurring within the site.
Aquatic Invertebrates
The list of species received from IBAT include 23 aquatic invertebrate species. These include three bivalves, 15 Gastropods and five crustaceans. One Critically Endangered species of gastropod is included in the list; Ceratophallus concavus. There is one Near Threatened species and the remaining species are Least Concern or Data Deficient. The Ceratophallus concavus is possibly Extinct in Uganda (IUCN, 2021) but would inhabit rivers/ streams below stones.
One restricted-range species was listed from IBAT, Burnup's freshwater limpet Burnupia stuhlmanni. This species is endemic to East Africa. It is found in Lake Victoria. Pre-construction surveys were undertaken (refer to Action 2 in Chapter 5) in May 2021 in the Northern section of KIBP. The macroinvertebrates assemblage comprised 16 different taxa. Ghaerium sp. (Bivalvia), Biomphalaria sp., Lymnaea sp., Pila ovata, Gabbiella sp. and Melanoides sp. (Gastropoda), Cloeon sp. (Ephemeroptera), Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae (Odonata), Chironomus sp. and Tabanus sp. (Diptera), Apassus sp. (Hemiptera), Dyscidae (Coleoptera), Crayfish (Decapoda) i.e. Macrobrachium, Hirudinea and Oligochaeta.
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